Abstract
Background and Aim:Cell culture studies are an indispensable tools used to understand basic physiological, biophysical and biomolecular mechanisms. Although traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models are more preferred in experimental studies, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models, attract more attention due to several advantages including mimicking tumor physiology, biochemistry and biomechanics. We aimed to investigate the effects of Gallic Acid, an antimutagenic, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic agent, on both 2D and 3D cultured endometrial cancer cells for the first time. Methods:IC50 values were determined in 2D and 3D cultured endometrial cancer cells exposed to different doses of GA. In the 2D culture model exposed to GA, Caspase 3 expression levels were analyzed. In addition, the effect of GA on the migration of 2D cultured endometrium cancer cells was investigated. Results:IC50 value in the 3D model was found significantly higher than the 2D model. In 2D culture model, Caspase 3 expression and apoptosis was increased significantly in cells of GA exposed group compared to the control group. GA did not have a significant effect on the migration profile of cells. Conclusion:Gallic Acid is shown to induce apoptosis in Ishikawa cells via Caspase 3 activation. We demonstrated a significantly higher IC50 level in 3D model which provide evidence to prefer 3D models in drug-test trials. The data obtained in the current study will provide a basis for further experiments to analyze the effects of GA on endometrial cancer and to develop strategies for clinical treatment.
Highlights
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies in the United States and is the fourth most common cancer in women after breast, lung, and colorectal cancer (Siegel et al, 2012) and the death rate has increased more than 100% in the past 20 years (Rose, 1996)
We aimed to investigate the effects of Gallic Acid, an antimutagenic, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic agent, on both 2D and 3D cultured endometrial cancer cells for the first time
IC50 values were determined in 2D and 3D cultured endometrial cancer cells exposed to different doses of GA
Summary
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies in the United States and is the fourth most common cancer in women after breast, lung, and colorectal cancer (Siegel et al, 2012) and the death rate has increased more than 100% in the past 20 years (Rose, 1996). In a study examining the effects of Cisplatin, Taxol and Doxorubusin individually and in combination on Ishikawa cells, these agents were shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells by affecting PI3-K/ Akt pathway, one of the important pathways regulating the cell cycle (Gagnon et al, 2008). We aimed to investigate the effects of Gallic Acid, an antimutagenic, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic agent, on both 2D and 3D cultured endometrial cancer cells for the first time. In 2D culture model, Caspase 3 expression and apoptosis was increased significantly in cells of GA exposed group compared to the control group. The data obtained in the current study will provide a basis for further experiments to analyze the effects of GA on endometrial cancer and to develop strategies for clinical treatment
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