Abstract
We describe the flows and morphological dynamics of topological defect lines and loops in three-dimensional active nematics and show, using theory and numerical modeling, that they are governed by the local profile of the orientational order surrounding the defects. Analyzing a continuous span of defect loop profiles, ranging from radial and tangential twist to wedge ±1/2 profiles, we show that the distinct geometries can drive material flow perpendicular or along the local defect loop segment, whose variation around a closed loop can lead to net loop motion, elongation, or compression of shape, or buckling of the loops. We demonstrate a correlation between local curvature and the local orientational profile of the defect loop, indicating dynamic coupling between geometry and topology. To address the general formation of defect loops in three dimensions, we show their creation via bend instability from different initial elastic distortions.
Highlights
We describe the flows and morphological dynamics of topological defect lines and loops in threedimensional active nematics and show, using theory and numerical modeling, that they are governed by the local profile of the orientational order surrounding the defects
Analyzing a continuous span of defect loop profiles, ranging from radial and tangential twist to wedge Æ1=2 profiles, we show that the distinct geometries can drive material flow perpendicular or along the local defect loop segment, whose variation around a closed loop can lead to net loop motion, elongation, or compression of shape, or buckling of the loops
We demonstrate a correlation between local curvature and the local orientational profile of the defect loop, indicating dynamic coupling between geometry and topology
Summary
We describe the flows and morphological dynamics of topological defect lines and loops in threedimensional active nematics and show, using theory and numerical modeling, that they are governed by the local profile of the orientational order surrounding the defects. Threedimensional active nematics are governed by the presence of topological defect lines and loops, which exhibit complex structure and topology-affected dynamics.
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