Abstract
ABSTRACT Drawing on the strategic capacity-building perspective, we examine the mediating roles of three innovation strategies, i.e. export formalization, foreign business networking, and proactive competitiveness between managerial capacity and technological and innovation leadership in SME internationalization. Employing a sample of 900 Vietnamese SMEs, we found support for a three-staged internationalization process models allowing for SMEs that export, SMEs with plans to export, and SMEs with no-plans to export. With the identification of the three SME stages, the emphasis on the internationalization process shifts from export performance perspectives to leadership, and this shift has theoretical and practical implications for current knowledge about the SME internationalization process.
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