Abstract
ABSTRACT Drawing on personal insight and knowledge of Hungary, this essay focuses on the life choices of three Hungarian Jewish intellectuals during the Kádár era communist regime: Ágnes Heller (1929–2019), György Konrád (1933–2019), and Imre Kertész (1929–2016). Using Albert Hirschman’s categories of ‘exit, voice, and loyalty’ as a heuristic device, the essay analyses forms of intellectual dissidence between ‘exit’ (Heller), ‘voice’ (Heller and Konrád and their opposite, a certain kind of ‘alienated silence’ (Kertész). Finally, it explores the question of specifically Jewish dissidence in the writings of all three.
Published Version
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