Abstract
ABSTRACT The induction of epicormic shoots is very important for the success of vegetative propagation in forestry species, due to the high rooting capacity of the reinvigorated material. However, it is necessary to determine the most appropriate technique for this purpose, aiming for greater productivity and better reinvigoration, which may be different for each species. The objective of this search was to evaluate different induction techniques for the production of epicormic shoots in I. paraguariensis mother trees in the municipality of Urupema, Santa Catarina state, considering four rescue techniques: complete girdling (100%); semi-girdling (50%); detached live branches, and; shoots of the treetop (canopy). Three evaluations were made for: trees with epicormic shoots (%), average number of shoots and their average length (cm). Shoots were collected at 180 days after (February 2017) the application of the experiment (August 2016), separating in: rejuvenated shoots and of the treetop. At 90 days, cuttings variables were evaluated: rooting (%), calogenesis (%), average root number and their average length (cm). The semi-girdling was superior to shoot length (5.3 cm). The detached live branches obtained the highest average number of shoots (4.7), however, they were not able for cutting, due to their short length (0,6 cm). For cutting, there was only difference for the number of roots formed, and the rejuvenated material was superior (2,3) than treetop (0.8). It is recommended the use of semi-girdling technique for greater production of juvenile shoots and use reinvigorated cuttings for vegetative propagation, considering the greater number of roots formed.
Highlights
Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hilaire, known as mate, is a native species that has a strong cultural and economic link with southern Brazil, since its leaves are used in the production of medicines and consumed largely in the form of teas (Dartora et al, 2013)
The percentage of shooting trees remained between 37.0% and 51.9%, the average number of shoots formed between 1.4 and 2.9, and the average length of shoots between 1.4 cm and 3.1 cm
For the production of juvenile epimoric shoots in native I. paraguariensis mother trees, it is recommended the application of the semi-girdling technique to produce shoots of longer length, they take longer formation time
Summary
Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hilaire, known as mate, is a native species that has a strong cultural and economic link with southern Brazil, since its leaves are used in the production of medicines and consumed largely in the form of teas (Dartora et al, 2013). The economic value related to the extraction of this raw material decreased by approximately 1.2% for the same period (IBGE, 2016). This can reflect the depletion of natural resources due to too much extractive activity, the genetic heterogeneity of the extraction areas, poorly implemented management techniques and a high degree of maturation of the mother trees (Medrado et al, 2002; Wendling et al, 2004). I. paraguariensis trees, which produce raw material for extraction, in a planted or natural way, usually have seminal origin, hampering to establish standards for production management and raw material processing (Wendling, 2004). In addition to the high genetic heterogeneity, there is the natural degradation of its trees due to poor pruning, successive extraction, nutrient depletion, competition for invasive plants and even the aging of the mother trees (Medrado et al, 2002)
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