Abstract
This paper presents four case histories of embankments rapidly loaded to failure on saturated clay foundations. Two- and three-dimensional total stress circular arc stability analyses are performed utilizing two strength models: (1) the (uncorrected) field vane strength, and (2) the stress history and normalized soil engineering properties strength after accounting for strain compatibility along the shear surface and strength anisotropy. End effects are shown to increase the conventional two-dimensional factors of safety by as much as 30%, and hence, if neglected, can lead to significant overestimation of backfigured strengths. (TRRL)
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