Abstract
Objective. To evaluate whether three-dimensional (3D) musculoskeletal modelling could be effective in assessing the safety and efficacy of exercising on a seated row resistance-training machine. The focus of the evaluation was on biomechanical and anthropometric considerations of the end user.Methods. Three anthropometric cases were created; these represented a 5th percentile female as well as a 50th and a 95th percentile male based on body mass index. Two repetitions, with a resistance equal to 50% of the functional strength of one repetition maximum (1RM) for each anthropometric case, were performed.Results. Results indicate that the default model of the LifeModeler software has important limitations that should be taken into consideration when used to evaluate exercise equipment. Adjustments had to be made to the model to solve the forward dynamics simulations; as a result, no muscle forces or contraction values were obtained. This negatively influenced the value of the results as these parameters are important when analysing an exercise. The seated row resistance-training machine’s engineered or manufactured adjustability was sufficient, as it appeared to accommodate the three anthropometric cases adequately during execution of this exercise.Conclusion. It appears that 3D musculoskeletal modelling can be used to evaluate resistance-training exercises such as the seated row; however, the limitations indicated by this study must be taken into consideration, especially when using the default LifeModeler model
Highlights
The advancement in computer technology and data processing capability has allowed the improvement of modelling software to a point where dynamic problems can be simulated and analysed in a digital environment.[1]
Simple muscles fire with no constraints, except for the physiological cross-sectional area, which designates the maximum force that a muscle can exert
Three anthropometric cases based on body mass index (BMI) data obtained from RSAMIL-STD 127 Vol 1[13] were used for the study, and results were assessed (Table 2)
Summary
Equipment A 3D full-body musculoskeletal model was created using LifeModeler software and incorporated into a multibody dynamics model of the seated row resistance machine generated in MSC ADAMS software (Fig. 1). LifeModeler runs as a plug-in of MSC ADAMS It has previously been used in studies in the fields of sport, exercise and medicine.[5,6] It was decided to evaluate a default model as generated by the software. This model consists of 19 segments including a base set of joints for each body region. Time curve to generate the muscle activation and the muscles follow this curve Because of this approach, an inverse dynamics simulation using passive recording muscles is required prior to simulation with closed-loop muscles. The graphs of simple muscle activation curves will generally peak at a flat-force ceiling value.[7]
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