Three dimensional laminar non-Newtonian fluid flow and heat transfer in the entrance region of a cross-shaped duct

Abstract

The Galerkin finite element is used to solve the three dimensional momentum and energy equations for laminar non-Newtonian flow in cross-shaped straight duct. Both flow and heat transfer develop simultaneously from the entrance of the channel. Uniform wall temperature (T) and also constant wall heat flux both axially and peripherally (H2) are used as thermal boundary conditions. The power-law model is chosen to characterize the non-Newtonian behaviour of the fluid. The effect of power-law index and geometric parameter on the apparent friction factor as well as Nusselt number are presented and discussed.