Three dimensional heat transfer in the Carreau-Yasuda hybrid nanofluid with Hall and ion slip effects

Abstract

For enhancement of heat and mass transfer, the use of hybrid nano-particles in shear rate-dependent viscous fluid is of great significance given applications. In this study, we have considered the impacts of Hall and ion-slip currents on the three-dimensional (3D) flow of shear rate-dependent viscous fluid. The shear rate-dependent rheology is characterized by the Carreau-Yasuda model. Ethylene glycol is found in plasma and rheological characteristics are best described by the power-law constitutive model which is a special case of the Carreau-Yasuda rheological model, Therefore, the most generalized model is considered to examine the rheological characteristics. Further, Al 2 O 3 − ethylene glycol and TiC − Al 2 O 3 − ethylene glycol are termed as Carreau-Yasuda nanofluid and Carreau-Yasuda hybrid nanofluids respectively. Specifically, here in the considered problem, Titanium carbide and aluminum oxide (TiC and Al 2 O 3) hybrid nano-particles which are source materials for MXenes, are dispersed in the Ethylene glycol (C 2 H 6 O 2) as a base fluid. The finite element method (FEM) is implemented to find the numerical solution of the boundary value problems. The thermal performance of both types of fluids is analyzed under the influence of related parameters. The thermal performance of both types of fluids is compared. Hall and ion-slip currents are induced to the ion and electron collisions and cause Hall and ion-slip forces which have the opposite direction to the magnetic force induced due to the magnetic field interaction. Thus Hall and ion-slip forces are favorable forces and result in to increase in momentum boundary layer thickness (MBLT). It is also discovered that the Hall and ion-slip forces in TiC − Al 2 O 3 − ethylene glycol flow are greater than those in Al 2 O 3 − ethylene glycol flow. Furthermore, Hall and ion-slip currents play an important role in decreasing Ohmic dissipation, which has a negative impact on the thermal performance of the working fluid. The role of generative chemical reaction on the transport of mass is opposite to the role of the destructive chemical reaction. Joule heating (Ohmic dissipation) directly affects the temperature of fluid particles and their kinetic energy increases and hence thermal boundary layer thickness (TBLT) becomes wider. Thus Ohmic dissipation has adverse effects on thermal performance. Thus fluids with no dissipation behave better as coolants.