Thr presence of PIK3CA gene mutations and possible implications in breast cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, which predominantly affects women. Histology-based classification is one of the most used methods to identify it nowadays. Histologic subtypes include ductal, lobular,mucinous and medullary. The development of breast cancer may be driven by environmental and genetic factos. Mutations in the PIK3CA gene are one of the most common genetic risk factors. There are two main exons, 9 and 20, where the mutation predominantly takes place. To describe the presence of p.E545K, p.E542K and p.H1047R mutations in different histologic types of breast cancer, with the aim that future investigations might find some uses in the clinical setting. A recompilation of data was conducted by the research of specific keywords (PIK3CA mutation, PIKaCA breast cancer prognosis, presence of PIK3CA mutation in breast cancer and different histologic types of breast cancer) in clinical key, google scholar and PubMed databases. PIK3KCA expression is increased in breast cancer compared to notmal tissue. Mutations were more prevalent in lobular breast cancer than other subtypes. Mucinous show the less rate of mutations. Exon 9 mutation were related with early death and exon 20 with goog prognosis. Also, mutations in found between the presence of the mutations and cancer parameter like nodes metastasis but is was demonstrated the importance od the piK3CA mutations in the development of breast cancer, based on histological classification