Third Order Low-Pass Filter Using Synthetic Immittance Elements with Current Conveyors

Pavel Brandstetter,Lukas Klein

doi:10.15598/aeee.v10i2.617

Abstract

The paper deals with a theoretical proposal of the resulting circuit of the frequency filter using synthetic immittance elements of higher order with current conveyors. The text pays particular attention to design process of synthetic immittance elements, explains the principle of increasing of order, which is then reflected to the frequency filter order. The text then deals less with the theory of current conveyors, which has already been discussed, in detail, in previous papers. Universal current conveyor (UCC) is discussed more. This active element is used for the theoretical implementation of the synthetic element solution used in the frequency filter. The theoretical knowledge is then demonstrated in the design of 3 rd order low-pass frequency filter. The final functionality of the proposed frequency filter circuit solution is validated by PSpice simulation.

Highlights

Method of the synthetic elements is primarily based on the needs of classical inductors substitution by synthetic equivalents in electronic circuits
The basic advantages of using current conveyors [1] include a wide frequency range, ease of integrability of the resulting circuit solutions, low supply voltage of active elements and the possibility of use of battery supply in resulting circuit, when it is used in the mobile devices
The paper tries briefly describe the realization of frequency filters with synthetic immittance elements of higher order with current conveyors

Summary

Introduction

Method of the synthetic elements is primarily based on the needs of classical inductors substitution by synthetic equivalents in electronic circuits It is not a new method, but its use in combination with new modern active components (current conveyors), for the design and realization of frequency filters, is a relatively new idea [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]. The linear circuits theory discusses that stable frequency filters can be realized, if the elementary dipoles of all orders from the lowest (nd,min, ne,min) to highest (nd,max, ne,max) will be connected in the synthetic elements. The active element is not currently mass produced, and not widely available

The Conditions of Synthetic Immittance Elements Realization

Universal Current Conveyor

Realization of Synthetic Immittance Elements with Current Conveyors

Synthetic Immittance Element Order Increasing

Frequency Filters Using Synthetic Immittance Elements

Conclusion