Abstract
Fiber-shaped supercapacitors, which occupy minimal volume and possess remarkable flexibility, are particularly promising candidates for next-generation smart wearable devices. However, the state-of-the-art energy density and mechanical properties of fiber-shaped electrodes are far from satisfactory. Herein, hollow poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate thin-walled fibers (HPFs) are continuously prepared by coaxial wet-spinning. These HPFs combine a simple and high continuous preparation with high electrochemical performance and flexibility, owing to their hollow nature, small diameter (125 μm) and thin wall structure (8 μm). As a result, the HPFs display a specific areal capacitance of 115.2 mF cm-2 at a current density of 0.3 mA cm-2 with a high energy density of 9 μWh cm-2 at a power density of 0.112 mW cm-2. Furthermore, the HPFs maintain 81% of the initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles with ~100% Coulombic efficiency. More importantly, the specific capacitance is almost completely maintained after bending 3000 times at 180°.
Highlights
With the emergence of fifth-generation wireless technology, flexible electronic devices and smart textiles hold significant potential for the technological revolution by providing flexible, integrated and diverse applications in areas such as emergency and health management, smart homes and surveillance[1,2,3,4]
Yuan prepared meter-long PEDOT:PSS fibers with good mechanical properties
The assembled eight seriesconnected supercapacitor groups displayed an energy density of 41.1 μWh cm-2 at a power density of 3520 mW cm-2 and without significant capacitance degradation after stretching up to 400%[13]. These works highlight the potential of PEDOT:PSS fiber-shaped electrodes for flexible electronic devices
Summary
With the emergence of fifth-generation wireless technology, flexible electronic devices and smart textiles hold significant potential for the technological revolution by providing flexible, integrated and diverse applications in areas such as emergency and health management, smart homes and surveillance[1,2,3,4]. The prepared PEDOT:PSS fibers could be woven, sewed, knotted and braided as a fiber-shaped yarn supercapacitor electrode with an areal energy density of 4.13 μWh cm-2 and robust performance (strength strain of 85 MPa) under repeated bending tests[12]. The assembled eight seriesconnected supercapacitor groups displayed an energy density of 41.1 μWh cm-2 at a power density of 3520 mW cm-2 and without significant capacitance degradation after stretching up to 400%[13] These works highlight the potential of PEDOT:PSS fiber-shaped electrodes for flexible electronic devices. The specific capacitance remains relatively unaffected after bending 3000 times and can maintain an initial specific capacitance of 81% after 10000 cycles This excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the unique hollow structure, stable gel electrolyte and unique electrochemical characteristics of the PEDOT:PSS fibers. Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) curves were recorded by an Arbin Instruments testing system (BT-2000, Arbin) at a current density of 2 mA cm-2
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