One-Step Electrodeposition of Polyaniline Nanorods on Carbon Cloth for High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitors.

Abstract

The electrochemical performance of the carbon cloth (CC)-based electrodes is determined by the kind, content, morphology, and size of the modified pseudocapacitive materials, as well as the interaction with CC. Also, such structural parameters were mainly dependent on the deposition condition. More uniform polyaniline (PANI) could be obtained by electrochemical polymerization in comparison to chemical oxidation polymerization. However, two steps of electrodeposition were usually needed for nucleation and growth. Here, based on the comprehensive optimization of the electrodeposition condition, well-defined PANI nanorods anchored on the functionalized carbon cloth (FCC) as flexible electrodes (FCC@PANI) were synthesized by a facile one-step electrochemical polymerization. Compared with the FCC electrode, the resultant FCC@PANI-4 sample possessed good cycling stability (98.3% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles), higher specific capacitances of 2312 mF cm-2 (1.0 mA cm-2) and 107 F g-1 (1.0 A g-1) with the boosting ratio in the areal specific capacitance (CA), and mass specific capacitances (Cm) of 169 and 181%, respectively. The improvement in both specific capacitance and cycling stability was obtained by the strong interaction between the FCC and the modified PANI nanorods with enhanced utilization efficiency of electroactive materials. Furthermore, the symmetric solid-state device assembled using the FCC@PANI-4 electrode delivered a maximum energy density of 0.079 mWh cm-2 at a power density of 0.363 mW cm-2.