Abstract
Lubrication is an important aspect when it comes to machinery and equipment in the industry where nanolubricants are extensively being explored as the future of lubricants. Nanolubricants are new-engineered fluids, which are dispersed with nanoparticles that aids in the interface movement by forming a protective layer hence reducing the wear and friction and dissipate the heat generated due to friction. In this research, a new synthetic lubricant is formulated by mixing two or more components of hydrogen bond donors and halide salt that achieves lower melting points compared to individual components. In this study, Glycerol and Polyethylene Glycol 600 (PEG) acts as the HBDs with common salt of Choline Chloride (ChCl). The nanolubricants were synthesised via two-step method by dispersing three different concentration of Functionalised Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) of 0.01 wt%, 0.05 wt% and 0.10 wt% with the aid of ultrasonication. The stability of the suspensions were studied via optical microscopy and visual observation. The addition of F-MWCNT increased the resultant dynamic viscosity of the nanolubricant whereas the density was not much affected. Besides that, thermal conductivity showed positive enhancement for glycerol DES nanolubricant and negative enhancement for PEG DES nanolubricant. Thus, this study concludes that the thermophysical properties of DES base fluids and MWCNT have potential to be used as lubricants due to its enhanced physical properties.
Highlights
Lubricants are used to reduce friction and wear of moving parts that covers a wide range of industrial applications
Polyethylene Glycol 600 (PEG) deep eutectic solvents (DES) based naolubricant samples have better stability in comparison with glycerol DES based nanolubricant which was supported by the results found in visual observation
The addition of Functionalised MultiWalled Carbon Nanotube (F-Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)) with three different concentrations were found to be stable and even the nanoparticle tends to sediment, the nanolubricant can dispersed with simple shaking of the samples
Summary
Lubricants are used to reduce friction and wear of moving parts that covers a wide range of industrial applications. The lubricant must possess good thermos-oxidative and chemical stability to prevent degradation during operation. Khemchandani et al [5] used tributyl(methyl)phosphonium diphenylphosphate, P1444DPP as antiwear additive anti-wear additive and compared against Amine Phosphate (AP) when mixed with biodegradable base stocks. Due to the high cost, toxicity and complex synthesis process of ILs, deep eutectic solvents (DES) are being explored to replace the ILs. DESs which are made up of quaternary salt bounded with Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) has melting point lower than the individual component of the DES. DESs have similar properties as Ionic Liquids with more eco-friendly approach in term of that DESs are biodegradable as well as lower production cost [11]. This research focusses on the production of suitable DESs as base fluids for nanolubricants
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