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Abstract
This paper reports the analysis of flame retardants for fabrics that has established that the meagerness of the data that explain and describe the process of fire protection, as well as the neglect of elastic coatings, leads to the combustion of structures made from fabrics under the influence of flame. The development of reliable methods to study the fire protection conditions for fabrics leads to the design of new types of fireproof materials. Therefore, it becomes necessary to define the conditions for the formation of a barrier for burning and flame propagation by a piece of fabric and for establishing a mechanism that would inhibit a temperature transfer to the material. To address this issue, an estimation-experimental method has been devised for determining thermal conductivity when using a fire protection agent as a coating, which makes it possible to assess the thermal conductivity coefficient under the effect of high temperature. Based on the experimental data and theoretical dependences, the coefficient of thermal conductivity for the fire-resistant layer of foam coke was calculated, 0.034 W/(m∙K), which, accordingly, ensures the heat resistance of the fabric. The study results have proven that the process of the thermal insulation of fabric involves the formation of soot-like products at the surface of the sample. The inhibition of the process of heat transfer to the material treated with a composition based on modified phosphorus-ammonium compounds is characterized by the formation of a heat-protective layer of coke at the surface of the fabric. The maximum possible penetration of temperature through the thickness of the coating has been estimated. At the surface of the sample, a temperature was generated that significantly exceeds the ignition temperature of the fabric, and, at the non-heated surface, does not exceed 150 °C. Thus, there is reason to assert the possibility of targeted adjustment of fire protection processes in the fabric by applying coatings that can form a protective layer on the surface of the material, which inhibits the rate of heat transfer
Highlights
Natural fiber fabrics are increasingly used in various types of building structures, both in permanent and temporary facilities
The following tasks have been set: ‒ to model the process that forms a layer of coke foam on the surface of the fabric when decomposed by a composition based on modified phosphorus-ammonium compounds under the influence of high temperature; ‒ to establish the effectiveness of the fire protection of fabric with the composition based on modified phosphorus-ammonium compounds under the influence of flame
Discussion of results of studying the process that forms a layer of foam coke for the fire protection of fabric. It follows from the results (Table 1, Fig. 6) of our study into the process of fire protection of fabric by a formulation based on modified phosphorus-ammonium compounds that it is natural to extend the time of temperature transfer through the fire-proof fabric
Summary
Natural fiber fabrics are increasingly used in various types of building structures, both in permanent and temporary facilities. Living inside and heating such structures may be accompanied by the ignition and rapid propagation of fire since the fabric forms a significant fire load. Since this material is sensitive to high temperatures, it is possible to increase. Ecology the level of fire safety of objects where building structures made of fabric materials are used, possibly with the help of their fireproof treatment. The material loses its protective properties, which leads to the ignition of combustible structures under the action of a high-temperature flame. The need for fire protection is relevant for those objects of mass stay of people that are made of combustible fabrics. It is a relevant task to study the issue related to reducing the level of fire danger from fabrics by forming a layer of foam coke during the thermal decomposition of formulations based on modified phosphorus-ammonium salts
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