Abstract
An analysis of fire-retardant materials for wooden building structures is carried out and the need to develop reliable methods for studying the process of ignition and flame propagation on the surface of a building structure, necessary for creating new types of fire-retardant materials, is found. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the conditions for forming a thermal conductivity barrier and find a mechanism for inhibiting heat transfer to the material. In this regard, a computational and analytical method for determining thermal conductivity when using a fire-retardant varnish as a coating is developed, which allows assessing the coefficient of thermal conductivity under high temperature action. According to experimental data and theoretical dependences, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the fire-retardant coked foam layer of 0.36 W/(m∙K) is calculated, which, accordingly, ensures the heat resistance of wood. As a result of research, it is proved that the process of heat insulation of a wooden structure consists in the formation of soot-like products on the surface of natural combustible material. This made it possible to determine the conditions for fireproofing wood by forming a thermal conductivity barrier during the decomposition of varnish into foamed coke. Experimental studies confirmed that a sample of fireproof wood withstood the temperature effect of the heat flux for 900 s. The maximum possible temperature penetration through the coating is evaluated. It is found that under the temperature effect on the sample, which significantly exceeds the ignition temperature of wood, on the unheated surface of the sample, this value did not exceed 180 °C. Thus, there is reason to assert the possibility of directional regulation of wood fire protection processes using fire-retardant coatings that can form a protective layer on the material surface that inhibits wood burnout
Highlights
Wood, as a building material, is widely used in construction and architecture due to its mechanical and operatio nal properties
This paper fully presents the mechanism of fire protection of organic natural materials, movement and insulation of high temperature, but there is a need to evaluate this process, create a physical and mathematical model
Modeling of the process of heat transfer in wood during its protection by the coating is carried out, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is determined and dependences that allow determining the change of heat transfer dynamics during the coating swelling are obtained
Summary
As a building material, is widely used in construction and architecture due to its mechanical and operatio nal properties. The range of participation of various synthetic materials, hydrocarbons capable of high heat generation during combustion in fires has recently expanded. The coating allows slowing down the heating of the material due to the formation of a protective layer and retaining its functions in case of fire for a specified period of time [3]. Modern fireproofing compositions can create heat shields on the surface of structural elements that can withstand high temperatures and direct fire and slow down the heating of the material. That is, they are able to retain their functions in case of fire for a specified period of time, thereby making wood low-combustible. The study of the heat resistance of wood and effect of the coating on this process when applying varnish is part of ensuring fire resistance and, determines the need for such research
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