Abstract
We explore the low-energy regime of quantum chromodynamics subjected to an external magnetic field by deriving the two-loop representations for the entropy density and the finite-temperature magnetization within chiral perturbation theory (CHPT). At fixed temperature, the entropy density drops when the magnetic field becomes stronger. The magnetization induced at finite temperature is negative in the entire parameter region accessible by CHPT. We also point out that the enhancement of the finite-temperature part in the quark condensate is correlated with the decrease of the entropy density.
Highlights
The thermodynamic properties of quantum chromodynamics in a homogeneous external magnetic field have been explored by many authors
While our results regarding the dependence of entropy density on magnetic field strength, temperature, and arbitrary pion mass are new to the best of our knowledge, the behavior of the entropy density at the physical pion mass has been explored in the hadron resonance gas model [13], as well as in the (2 þ 1) flavor Polyakov-loop quark-meson model [21]
In various figures we have explored how these quantities depend on temperature, magnetic field strength and pion mass
Summary
The thermodynamic properties of quantum chromodynamics in a homogeneous external magnetic field have been explored by many authors. While the results for the dependence of entropy density on magnetic field strength, temperature, and arbitrary pion mass are new to the best of our knowledge, the magnetic-field induced decrease of the entropy density at the physical point Mπ 1⁄4 140 MeV has been observed in the hadron resonance gas model [13], and in the (2 þ 1) flavor Polyakov-loop quark-meson model [21].
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