Thermoelastic behaviour of martensitic alloy in the vicinity of critical point in the stress–temperature phase diagram

Abstract

The theoretical phase diagram of the shape memory alloy, which exhibits the first-order martensitic phase transition of the cubic–tetragonal type, has been considered. The thermoelastic behaviour of the ultra-soft Ni–Mn–Ga alloy in the vicinity of the endpoint of the phase transitions line has been modelled. To this end, the strain–temperature and stress–strain dependencies have been computed with the account of the temperature dependence of the elastic modulus of the alloy. Two important features of thermoelastic behaviour of the alloy have been disclosed: (1) even in the case of complete stress-induced martensitic transformation (MT), the MT strain determined from the length of the plateaus at the stress–strain curves is smaller than the ‘spontaneous’ tetragonal distortion of the crystal lattice, which arises on cooling of the alloy and (2) the stress–strain loops may include the plateau-like segment even at temperatures above the critical temperature, which corresponds to the endpoint of the stress–strain phase diagram. These features render the observation of the endpoint of phase transitions line impossible with the help of the stress–strain tests and make preferable the direct structural studies of MTs in the stressed single-crystalline specimens.