An overview of crystallization, structural, optical, dielectric, and thermal characterization methods for amino acid chloride crystals and their technological uses

Abstract

ABSTRACT This review concerns the growth process, characterization methods, and potential applications of amino acid and chloride derivatives. Derivatives of amino acids are an ideal option for nonlinear device use. Single-crystal, powder-X-ray diffraction, and high resolution-X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) analyses evaluated the crystal structure and crystalline perfection. Most of the chlorides of amino acid compounds were solidified into monoclinic and orthorhombic crystal structures. The FT-IR and NMR methods were deployed to identify the reported compounds’ functional groups and molecular identities. The UV and photoluminescence investigations were performed to investigate the optical characteristics of the reported compounds. Bis-glycine hydrogen chloride showed higher second harmonic generation (SHG) abilities. Laser damage threshold (LDT) and Z-scan analyses are briefly discussed. Dielectric spectroscopy was applied to study the dielectric features related to the applied frequency. Thermal investigations revealed that most crystals exhibited significant thermal stability, making them appropriate for device usage.