Abstract
On the basis of the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) gap equation, we derive complete expressions for the free-energy density, and heat capacity differences between the normal and superconducting states as functions of the superconducting energy gap Δ( T), Debye cut-off energy ω D and temperature T near the critical temperature T c. We have analyzed these expressions at T c as well as at the temperature near T c for s and d types of pairing. The critical field and specific heat versus ω D/ T c curves show that the BCS universal values are recovered in the ω D/ T c→∞ limit. Corrections to BCS's approximate results are given as functions of experimentally measured parameters and temperature.
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