Abstract
The number of researches during the recent two decades clearly demonstrated that a few weeks/days before moderate and strong earthquakes the specific thermal anomalies emerge within the earthquake preparation zones. In these papers some physical mechanisms were proposed, but they could not explain the avalanche character of the observed anomalies. In our works we studied a rich collection of pre-earthquake thermal/meteorological cases and proposed an explanation of the physical mechanism. We consider the Boundary Layer (BL) within the earthquake preparation zone as an open non-equilibrium system with energy dissipation. We show, that the external impact of ionization and following plasma chemical reactions between new-formed ions provide a specific autocatalytic exothermic reaction with a sharp increase of the thermal energy release. We use atmosphere chemical potential (ACP) as a parameter to estimate energy for processes connected with condensation. Monitoring of the latent heat release and ACP in the boundary layer can be used for the detection of tectonic and seismic activity and artificial phenomena, connected with air ionization. The statistical studies of strong M ≥ 6.5 global earthquakes demonstrated the high statistical confidence of ACP as the short-term earthquake precursor.
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