Abstract
The next-generation wearable near-eye displays inevitably require extremely high pixel density due to significant decrease in the viewing distance. For such denser and smaller pixel arrays, the emissive material must exhibit wider colour gamut so that each of the vast pixels maintains the colour accuracy. Electroluminescent quantum dot light-emitting diodes are promising candidates for such application owing to their highly saturated colour gamuts and other excellent optoelectronic properties. However, previously reported quantum dot patterning technologies have limitations in demonstrating full-colour pixel arrays with sub-micron feature size, high fidelity, and high post-patterning device performance. Here, we show thermodynamic-driven immersion transfer-printing, which enables patterning and printing of quantum dot arrays in omni-resolution scale; quantum dot arrays from single-particle resolution to the entire film can be fabricated on diverse surfaces. Red-green-blue quantum dot arrays with unprecedented resolutions up to 368 pixels per degree is demonstrated.
Highlights
The next-generation wearable near-eye displays inevitably require extremely high pixel density due to significant decrease in the viewing distance
The prospects of ELQLEDS can further extend to the nextgeneration “near-eye” devices such as head-mounted displays and smart glasses for virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications, which inevitably require a significant leap in the number of pixels per degree (PPD) due to the much shorter viewing distance[31]
As opposed to the kinetic-driven mechanism of conventional elastomer-based contact printing, programmed quantum dots (QDs) self-assembly on hard templates combined with a thermodynamic-driven binary adhesion switching mechanism is the key principle of immersion transfer-printing (iTP), which is supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results
Summary
The next-generation wearable near-eye displays inevitably require extremely high pixel density due to significant decrease in the viewing distance. For such denser and smaller pixel arrays, the emissive material must exhibit wider colour gamut so that each of the vast pixels maintains the colour accuracy. Electroluminescent quantum dot light-emitting diodes are promising candidates for such application owing to their highly saturated colour gamuts and other excellent optoelectronic properties. Utilisation of the technique provides unprecedentedly high resolutions and near 100% printing yields while preserving the optical quality of the QDs, which is supported by outstanding current efficiency and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ELQLEDs fabricated using iTP. As the printing cycle is repeated, gradual degradation of the stamp topography such as sagging and leaning restricts reproducibility in producing defect-free pixel arrays[23]
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