Abstract
Cupric sulphate and ferric sulphate are reduced directly into cuprous oxide and ferrous oxide, respectively, by solid state interaction with graphite on heating. The plots of free energy change vs. temperature demonstrate that reduction is more by carbon monoxide than by carbon when the heating atmosphere is carbon dioxide. In practice reduction by the C-CO 2 system is a minor contribution to the overall process, because the in situ production of CO becomes appreciable at temperature ranges where the decomposition of the salts and their reduction are near completion.
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