Thermo-Marangoni convection flow of hybrid nanofluid with a melting phenomenon

Abstract

Researchers have used a variety of techniques to enhance the thermal effectiveness of common fluids including water kerosene oil, etc. With the development of technology, hybrid nanoparticles are studied because they are more efficient than nanofluids at increasing the thermal conductivity of fluids and fluid metals. These hybrid-type nanofluids are a new type of nanofluids with a bigger range of potential applications in the heat transformation field involving manufacturing, micro-fluidics, medical, microelectronics, transportation, naval structures, and acoustics. In the present article, the flow of hybrid nanofluid with Marangoni convection under the Darcy Forchheimer and joule heating effect is portrayed on the porous medium. The melting mechanism is also considered. When tiny particles are dispersed randomly, hybrid nanoparticles have colossal advantages of highly beneficial thermal conductivity in the base fluid. The most extensively validated shooting scheme bvp4c Matlab is employed to numerically solve the transformed nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) together with the associated boundary conditions. Additionally, the value rates of good parameters change of fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration of nanoparticle are inspected in detail and are represented in figures. The results ascertain that the velocity field is reduced via a larger melting parameter.