Abstract
Thermal treatment of Indonesian lignite washery tailings (LWT) was investigated in this study using TG–FTIR at different heating rates of 5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 °C min−1. After a first drying stage, two main pyrolysis stages appeared, i.e., stage II (300–600 °C) and stage III (700–800 °C), corresponding, respectively, to low-temperature evolution of volatile matter and further carbonization of fixed carbon. The gaseous products of LWT during pyrolysis and combustion are not as complex as those of other waste materials such as hazardous waste and sewage sludge. Little or no acid and ketone compounds were observed. The heating rate had an obvious effect on the gas evolution of pyrolysis and combustion. The results provide useful information for designing a combustion or pyrolytic system using LWT as feedstock.
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