Abstract
The investigation of transport properties in normal liquid helium-3 and its topological superfluid phases provides insights into related phenomena in electron fluids, topological materials, and putative topological superconductors. It relies on the measurement of mass, heat, and spin currents, due to system neutrality. Of particular interest is transport in strongly confining channels of height approaching the superfluid coherence length, to enhance the relative contribution of surface excitations, and suppress hydrodynamic counterflow. Here we report on the thermal conduction of helium-3 in a 1.1 μm high channel. In the normal state we observe a diffusive thermal conductivity that is approximately temperature independent, consistent with interference of bulk and boundary scattering. In the superfluid, the thermal conductivity is only weakly temperature dependent, requiring detailed theoretical analysis. An anomalous thermal response is detected in the superfluid which we propose arises from the emission of a flux of surface excitations from the channel.
Highlights
The investigation of transport properties in normal liquid helium-3 and its topological superfluid phases provides insights into related phenomena in electron fluids, topological materials, and putative topological superconductors
This provides a model system to characterize surface pair-breaking in unconventional superconductors, in the absence of defect and impurity scattering, which is of relevance to future mesoscopic device applications of putative topological superconductors[5]
We find an anomalous thermal conductivity that is nearly temperature independent
Summary
The investigation of transport properties in normal liquid helium-3 and its topological superfluid phases provides insights into related phenomena in electron fluids, topological materials, and putative topological superconductors. It relies on the measurement of mass, heat, and spin currents, due to system neutrality. Thermal analogs of the Hall effect are predicted in the 3He chiral A-phase and chiral superconductors[18,19] both, as a result of edge currents and scattering from impurities Observation of these exotic phenomena in superfluid 3He requires confinement in precise geometries. We report that thermal transport in confined channels is rich with unanticipated effects in both the normal and superfluid states
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