Thermal plasma synthesis of SiC from rice hull (husk)

Abstract

Recently the synthesis of ultrafine powders has drawn considerable attention because these powders can have physical and chemical properties superior to those of bulk specimens. In particular, emphasis is on the preparation of ultrafine ceramic powders for their applications in the development of sintered products having higher density and lower sintering temperature. One such industrially important ceramic material is SiC. In many cases ultrafine SiC has been prepared by thermal plasma processes [1]. However, these processes require one or more reactive/corrosive gases. This letter describes a new method to overcome such problems. For this purpose thermally pretreated rice hull was used as the solid precursor. Rice hull, an agricultural waste product, was first used by Cutler [2] as a starting material for the production of silicon carbide. Since the rice hull route promises to be most economical, much attention has recently been paid to it [3-6]. Rice hull consists of silica in hydrated amorphous form, and cellulose which yields carbon when thermally decomposed. The relative abundance of silica with very high surface area in close proximity to active carbon in rice hull makes it amenable for SiC formation during the pyrolysis process. The possible reaction was given by Lee and Cutler [7] as