Abstract
Remote sensing is an important method for monitoring marine oil-spill accidents. However, methods for measuring oil-film thickness remain insufficient. Due to the stable differences in the surface emissivity and temperature of oil and water, the oil film can be detected using thermal infrared. This study measured emissivity of seven different oil-film thicknesses and seven different American Petroleum Institute (API) densities, and analyzed the spectral characteristics. Results show an optimal wavelength position for oil-film thickness and fuel API density monitoring is 12.55 μm. Principal component analysis and continuum removal methods were used for data processing. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to establish relationships between emissivity and oil slick thicknesses and API densities. Oil-film thickness and fuel API density data were analyzed by principal component analysis and continuum removal before regression analysis. The spectral emissivity data was convolved into Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) thermal bands to determine potential of the sensor in oil-film detection. The result shows that neither could be used to estimate thickness. The AVHRR-4 band and band 12 and 13 of the ASTER could be used to separate oils from water and have potential to distinguish different oil types.
Highlights
With the development of oil extraction and maritime transportation, marine oil-spill accidents frequently occur, causing severe damage to the marine environment [1,2]
The clustering order was based on the fuel American Petroleum Institute (API) value
The API values with the largest difference were merged at the end of the cluster analysis
Summary
With the development of oil extraction and maritime transportation, marine oil-spill accidents frequently occur, causing severe damage to the marine environment [1,2]. Used oil-spill monitoring technologies include the synthetic aperture radar [8], optical remote sensing [9], and laser fluorescence [10]. Synthetic aperture radar satellite measurements are affected by weather conditions and oil thickness [12]. Thick oil slicks become warmer than the surrounding water while thinner, detectable slicks appear cooler. This reverses at nighttime [16,17]. A thin film interference theory-based model is used to describe the thickness-dependent contrast between the background water and the sea surface covered by crude oil [18,19].
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