Abstract
The Euclidean formulation of SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics admits periodic, (anti)self-dual solutions to the fundamental, classical equation of motion which possess one unit of topological charge: (anti)calorons. A spatial coarse graining over the central region in a pair of such localised field configurations with trivial holonomy generates an inert adjoint scalar fieldϕ, effectively describing the pure quantum part of the thermal ground state in the induced quantum field theory. Here we show for the limit of zero holonomy how (anti)calorons associate a temperature independent electric permittivity and magnetic permeability to the thermal ground state ofSU2CMB, the Yang-Mills theory conjectured to underlie the fundamental description of thermal photon gases.
Highlights
Quantum Mechanics is a highly efficient framework to describe the subatomic world [1,2,3], including coherence phenomena that extend to macroscopic length and time scales [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
We show for the limit of zero holonomy howcalorons associate a temperature independent electric permittivity and magnetic permeability to the thermal ground state of SU(2)Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the Yang-Mills theory conjectured to underlie the fundamental description of thermal photon gases
We have addressed the question how the concept of a thermal ground state of SU(2)CMB, which in a fully thermalised situation coexists with a spectrum of partially massive thermal excitations of the same temperature, can be employed to understand the propagation of a nonthermal probe in vacuum, characterised by electric permittivity ε0 and magnetic permeability μ0
Summary
Quantum Mechanics is a highly efficient framework to describe the subatomic world [1,2,3], including coherence phenomena that extend to macroscopic length and time scales [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Its modulus |φ| sets the maximal possible resolution in the effective theory whose ground state energy density essentially is given as tr(Λ6/φ2) = 4πΛ3T (Λ, a constant of integration of dimension mass) and whose propagating sector is, in a totally fixed, physical gauge (unitary-Coulomb) characterised by a massless mode (γ, unbroken U(1) subgroup of SU(2)) and two thermal quasiparticle modes of equal mass m = 2e|φ| (V±, mass induced by adjoint Higgs mechanism) which propagate thermally, that is, on-shell only Interactions within this propagating sector are mediated by isolated (anti)calorons whose action is argued to be ħ [11, 12]. Spectrally seen, the effects of V± interacting with γ lead to severe consequences at low frequencies and temperatures comparable to the critical temperature Tc where screened (anti)monopoles, released by (anti)caloron dissociation upon large-holonomy deformations [20], rapidly become massless and start to condense
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