Abstract
Thermal environmental design in an outdoor space is discussed by focusing on the proper selection and arrangement of buildings, trees, and covering materials via the examination of redevelopment buildings in front of Central Osaka Station, where several heat island countermeasure technologies have been introduced. Surface temperatures on the ground and wall were calculated based on the surface heat budget equation in each 2 m size mesh of the ground and building wall surface. Incident solar radiation was calculated using ArcGIS and building shape data. Mean radiant temperature (MRT) of the human body was calculated using these results. Distribution of wind velocity was calculated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) reproducing buildings, obstacles, trees, and the surroundings. The effect of MRT on SET* was greater than that of wind velocity at 13:00 and 17:00 on a typical summer day. SET* reduction was the highest by solar radiation shading, followed by surface material change and ventilation. The largest ratio of the area considered for the thermal environment was 83% on Green Garden, which consists of 44% of building shade, 21% of tree shade, 7% of water surface, and 11% of green cover. It is appropriate to consider the thermal environment design of outdoor space in the order of shade by buildings, shading by trees, and improvement of surface materials.
Highlights
In our previous study [1], the effects of solar radiation shading by trees in open spaces was evaluated through a case study
Thermal environmental design in outdoor space is discussed by focusing on proper selection as shown in Figure 4, SET* values at Green Garden were a little mitigated than those in other sites
This and arrangement of buildings, trees, and covering materials via the examination of redevelopment is in accordance with the results of previous studies by Ali-Toudert and Mayer [9,10], who showed that buildings in front of Central Osaka Station, where several heat island countermeasure technologies shading is the key strategy to mitigating outdoor heat stress under hot summer conditions
Summary
In our previous study [1], the effects of solar radiation shading by trees in open spaces was evaluated through a case study. Outdoor open spaces are used for various purposes such as walking, resting, talking, meeting, studying, exercising, playing, performing, eating, and drinking. The results from one of our previous studies [2] are reprinted as follows: “By investigating the redevelopment building in front of Central Station in Osaka, the radiation environment was evaluated with a focus on ground cover materials and solar radiation shielding. ArcGIS and building shape data were used to calculate the spatial distribution of solar shading. A surface heat balance equation was calculated to determine the surface temperature of the ground and walls. Assuming the human body is a sphere, the mean radiation temperature (MRT) of the human body was calculated
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