Thermal enhancement in the mixed convective flow of unsteady Carreau nanofluid with slip conditions: A numerical study

Zahoor Iqbal,Mazhar Hussain,Muhammad Yousaf Malik,Awais Ahmed,Shafiq Hussain,Masood Khan

doi:10.1177/16878140211041280

Abstract

Nanofluids are formed by incorporating very small sized particles consist of metals, oxides, carbides, or carbon nanotubes into base fluids like water, oil, ethylene glycol etc. Due to number of applications and amazing heat flow features of nanofluids, we are motivated to devote this article to explore the heat transform characteristics in transient flow of Carreau nanofluid over an inclined stretching cylinder. We have modeled the nonlinear mixed convection flow of Carreau nanoparticles in term of Lorentz force. Heat transfer mechanism in the flow is examined in view of nonlinear thermal radiation and non-uniform heat source/sink influences. Additionally, the effects of joule heating are also taken into account for examining the heat transport mechanism in the flow. Moreover, the effects of chemical reaction are also employed in concentration equation for investigation of mass transport phenomenon in the flow of nanofluid. To see the influence of involved physical parameters bvp4c numerical technique is employed. The numerical outcomes of physical parameters are assessed and depicted with logical discussion in the results and discussion section. The section of concluding remarks is designed to highlight the core findings of this study. It is revealed that the flow curves of nanofluid significantly grow up for escalating scales of nonlinear thermal convection constant. Moreover, an escalation is detected in the transport of thermal energy for growing scales of Eckert number and thermal radiation constant. Also, it is assessed that the flow velocity deteriorates by with an escalation in the magnitude of buoyancy force ratio parameter.

Highlights

In various engineering systems, such as fuel cells and heat exchangers, fluids play an integral part in increasing the heat transfer rate
It is analyzed that the flow velocity of reactive nanofluid deteriorate for augmenting scales of slip parameter, Weissenberg number, and unsteadiness parameter while the larger mixed convection parameter and thermal convection parameter enhances the flow velocity
The friction coefficient was significantly decreased by larger non linear thermal convection variable

Summary

Introduction

In various engineering systems, such as fuel cells and heat exchangers, fluids play an integral part in increasing the heat transfer rate. Knowing that normal fluids have low thermal conductivity to improve the heat transfer rate, to get through this challenge, we need distinctive, high thermal conductivity fluids. They are called ‘‘nanofluids’’ for these special fluids. Dhanai et al.[7] determined the dual branch solution of mixed convection nanofluid flow past an inclined cylinder in the presence of slippage effects. Hsiao[8] numerically simulated the convective thermal transform in stagnation point flow of nanofluid with slip effects. Tlili et al.[14] studied the mechanism of heat transfer in water-based nanofluids due to a horizontal circular cylinder by utilizing implicit finite difference scheme. Sohail and Naz[16] explored the effects of Cattaneo-

Methods

Results

Conclusion