Abstract
Thermal calorimeters operating in the millikelvin temperature range are capable of detecting single particle or photon interactions with deposited energy thresholds as low as a few electron volts. Small monolithic devices can be made using integrated circuit fabrication techniques and should have resolutions near 1 eV. Relatively crude test devices have already achieved resolutions for soft X-rays that are several times better than the best solid state detectors. It also may be possible to construct kilogram-scale detectors with thresholds less than 1000 eV. High resolution calorimeters have obvious applications in many types of spectroscopy, while the large-volume detectors would be useful for neutrino measurements and other rare interactions and decays. The truly unique characteristic of these large calorimeters as particle detectors is their sensitivity to non-ionizing interactions, and it has been proposed to use them to search for certain dark matter candidates and other exotic particles.
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