Abstract
To provide basic information for more reliable prediction of temperatutes in a shipping cask under external fire conditions, a 15-ton lead-shielded cask was subjected to a large, open-air petroleum fire for 1 hr. Experimental results were correlated by electrical analog computation, using various assumed values for important parameters. The radiant absorptivity (α) of the cask was found both by analog computations and by hand calculations to be about 0.6. Although the cask was externally finned, α was calculated from the area of the outer shell excluding the fins, which contribute little to radiant heat transfer. Convection of molten lead in the walls was found to be such that the horizontal temperature gradient in the molten lead was negligible. On the other hand, the maximum vertical temperature gradient was about 8°F per inch of height. Hand-calculation methods are presented for predicting the extent of melting as a function of time for lead-shielded casks of rectangular or cylindrical shape, for any selected fire conditions. Methods are also suggested for estimating the maximum cavity temperature in casks with either lead or non-melting shielding.
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