Abstract
Unprocessed native starches are structurally too weak and functionally too restricted for application in today's advanced food technologies. Processing is necessary to engender a range of functionality. Naturals or natives starches can be modified by using several methods physical, chemical, enzymatic or combined, according industrial purposes. In this work, native corn starch was hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid solution and investigated by using thermoanalytical techniques (thermogravimetry - TG, differential thermal analysis - DTA and differential scanning calorimetry - DSC), as well as optical microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. After acid treatment at 30 and 50°C, a decrease of gelatinization enthalpy (ΔHgel) was verified. Optical microscopy and X-ray diffractometry allowed us to verify the granules contorn and rugosity typical of cereal starches.
Highlights
Starch is a raw material of different botanical origins, and the most important storage reserve carbohydrate in plants
One hundred grams of native starch were added to 500 mL of hydrochloric acid solution 0.15 mol L-1 and maintained under continuous stirring by 8 hours at 30°C
In spite of the similarity between the TG curves, significant difference is observed in the DTA profiles of the corn starch untreated and treated with hydrochloric acid solution
Summary
Starch is a raw material of different botanical origins, and the most important storage reserve carbohydrate in plants. It is used by the food, paper, chemical, pharmaceutical and textile industries, among many others. More than 80% of the world starch market originates from corn [1]. Corn starch is a valuable ingredient to the food industry, being widely used as a thickener, gelling agent, bulking agent and water retention agent [2]. A semi-crystalline polymer, is composed of two polysaccharides: amylose and amylopectin. A mostly linear chain, typically consists up to 3000 glucose molecules interconnected primarily by α-1,4 glycosidic linkages and is reported to contain a few branched networks [3]
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