Thermal and flow characteristics of micropolar nanofluid with microorganisms: Insights from the Darcy-Forchheimer relation

Abstract

The Darcy-Forchheimer relation is a key concept utilized in the analysis of fluid dynamics, specifically in understanding the pressure drop experienced by a fluid as it traverses a porous medium or a conduit with added resistance. This resistance may stem from various factors such as turbulence and viscosity. The Forchheimer coefficient serves as a metric to quantify this resistance and is typically determined through empirical studies or computational modeling. Its value is influenced by parameters like the porosity of the medium and the characteristics of the particles within it. Grasping the intricacies of the Darcy-Forchheimer relation empowers engineers and researchers to make precise predictions regarding pressure differentials and to devise efficient fluid flow systems. This knowledge is particularly vital in sectors such as oil and gas, chemical manufacturing, and environmental management. The aim of this study is to explore the application of the Darcy-Forchheimer relation within the domain of electro-magneto-hydro-dynamics flow of Micropolar nanofluid over a deformable surface. The investigation considers the impact of bio-convection (microorganisms) and the presence of a first-order chemical reaction. The energy equation accounts for phenomena like viscous dissipation, nonlinear thermal radiation, convective heat transfer, and the Soret and Dufour effects. Additionally, the research delves into the stochastic and thermophoretic attributes of the system. The governing equations of the problem were transformed into a dimensionless system and solved using the ND-solve technique. Graphical analyses were conducted to examine fluid flow, microrotation velocity, microorganism distribution, concentration, particle behavior, and temperature in relation to key flow variables. The findings indicate that higher Hartman numbers have a reverse effect on temperature and velocity profiles. An increase in the material variable results in a decrease in microrotation velocity. Temperature is influenced by vector radiation. Concentration shows contrasting trends for random and thermophoresis variables. The presence of motile microorganisms reduces the bioconvection Lewis and Peclet numbers.