Thermal and Aeraulic Parametric Analysis of Historical Dwellings

Abstract

Old buildings represent, in many countries, a great part of the existing building stock. In France this amounts to more than 30%. It is important that they are retrofitted to improve energy performance. To compare reliable retrofitting measures, it is crucial to know their thermal and energy behaviour, their typological characteristics, the building techniques used and their heating and ventilation systems. This paper presents the results of long-term field measurements in a historical dwelling built in 1906 in Paris. In addition to the architectural and thermo-physical features of the whole building, the characteristics of the equipment, and the daily and weekly occupation profiles, indoor air temperature, relative humidity, hourly climatic data (air temperature and humidity, wind direction and velocity, solar irradiation) and hourly energy consumption were measured for an entire year. A thermo-aeraulic model of this dwelling was developed using the TrnSys-Comis® environment and the results are presented in this paper. Simulations for two periods (winter and summer) were analysed and compared with field measurements. This paper presents these results and attempts to estimate the uncertainties between real measurements and simulation outputs. These uncertainties arise due to the complexity of developing a dynamic model describing the exact building thermal behaviour for such an old building.