Abstract
This article reviews the mechanical design and a set of practical guidelines for design engineers. Engineers have plenty of technology for controlling friction and wear, including naturally lubricious materials, high-performance lubricants, and rolling element bearings. But where friction is concerned, good mechanical design starts with guidelines. Friction changes with time, reflecting sliding-induced changes to the interface. The traditional single static and single dynamic coefficients of friction are misleading because they do not reflect fluctuations and transitions in friction. The friction coefficient, static or dynamic, has no single, unique value for a given material pair, but rather is a characteristic of those materials when rubbed together under specific conditions. Friction and wear are not material properties; they are system properties. So many test protocols, such as thrust washer tests, will give one result, but actual systems will have different results.
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