Abstract
Pain is recognized as one of the main symptoms in knee osteoarthritis and is the main reason why patients seek medical attention. Scoparia dulcis has been popularly used to relieve discomfort caused by various painful conditions. The objective of the study is to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of the crude extract of S. dulcis, in an experimental model of osteoarthritis. The experiment was performed with Wistar rats divided into 4 groups with 5 animals each: healthy, saline, crude extract, and meloxicam groups. Knee osteoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of sodium mono-iodoacetate. First, clinical parameters of pain were assessed at days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 after induction. Second, the potential cyclooxygenase inhibition was evaluated, and the cytokines of the synovial fluid were quantified. An in silico test and Molecular Docking tests were performed. A histopathological evaluation was made on articular cartilage with safranin O staining. The results showed that a 15-day treatment with crude extract reduced edema, spontaneous pain, peripheral nociceptive activity, and proinflammatory cytokines in the synovial fluid. The highest inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 in the crude extract occurred at 50 µg/mL. The crude extract of S. dulcis presents therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteoarthritis due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive action.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, complex disease characterized by loss, alteration and progressive degeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone; reduction of joint space; synovitis; pain, and formationMolecules 2019, 24, 3474; doi:10.3390/molecules24193474 www.mdpi.com/journal/moleculesMolecules 2019, 24, 3474 of osteophytes [1,2]
Twenty animals were divided into four experimental groups, five animals each: healthy group (GS): untreated healthy animals not induced for OA; saline group (GSAL): OA animals treated orally at 1 mL/kg/day with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl); Scoparia dulcis Group (GSD): OA animals treated orally with 500 mg/kg/day of crude S. dulcis extract; meloxicam group (GM): OA animals orally treated with 1 mg/kg/day meloxicam reported in the results below
It is extract of S. dulcis in an experimental model of knee OA in rats, with meloxicam as the positive the first study to evaluates the effect of crude extract of S. dulcis on pain and inflammation in knee OA
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, complex disease characterized by loss, alteration and progressive degeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone; reduction of joint space; synovitis; pain, and formationMolecules 2019, 24, 3474; doi:10.3390/molecules24193474 www.mdpi.com/journal/moleculesMolecules 2019, 24, 3474 of osteophytes [1,2]. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, complex disease characterized by loss, alteration and progressive degeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone; reduction of joint space; synovitis; pain, and formation. OA has long been defined as a degenerative disease characterized by increased pressure on a particular joint, the current understanding of OA has shifted from cartilage “wear and tear”. IL-1β has been shown to induce chondrocytes to produce other inflammatory mediators, including IL-6 and nitric oxide, further amplifying detrimental cellular responses [9]. Conventional therapy consists of a combination of nonpharmacological measures such as aerobic exercises, weight loss, and joint protection techniques, as well as symptomatic pharmacological treatments including anti- inflammatory nonsteroidal analgesics and corticosteroids or local intra-articular lubricants until, eventually, surgical intervention is required [6]
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