Abstract
The possible targets underlying the activity of bufalin on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were investigated using network pharmacology and experimental approaches. PharmMapper and other databases were explored for predicting the bufalin targets and RCC-related targets. Finally, the enriched pathways and the targets were analyzed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) pathway enrichment analyses. Furthermore, in vitro cell experiments were used to verify bufalin activation of AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in human mesangial cells. The therapeutic targets related to bufalin were identified via 35 intersecting targets. GO analysis identified 29 molecular functions, 16 cellular components, and 91 biological processes. KEGG pathway annotation identified 15 signal transduction pathways and 4 tumor-related pathways.
Highlights
Bufalin (C24H34O4), a major monomer component of toad venom, is extracted from toads for use in traditional Chinese medicine
Studies employing bufalin have investigated the occurrence and growth of cancer cells, cell cycle, apoptosis, and gene expression. is study aimed to look into the biological signaling pathways and the predicted therapeutic targets of bufalin for treating renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as well as providing experimental data and bioinformatics for basic clinical research on RCC treatment, using a scientific strategy based on network pharmacology
Bufalin is the main ingredient of the toad venom, causing cell death by inducing cell apoptosis and blocking the cell cycle in human cancer cells [14, 15]
Summary
Bufalin (C24H34O4), a major monomer component of toad venom, is extracted from toads for use in traditional Chinese medicine. It is derived from traditional Chinese medicine and includes a single component and is milder than Western medicines [1]. Bufalin has received increasing attention of researchers and clinicians due to its anticancer, heart-strengthening, analgesic, and other effects [2, 3]. Is study aimed to look into the biological signaling pathways and the predicted therapeutic targets of bufalin for treating RCC as well as providing experimental data and bioinformatics for basic clinical research on RCC treatment, using a scientific strategy based on network pharmacology Studies employing bufalin have investigated the occurrence and growth of cancer cells, cell cycle, apoptosis, and gene expression. is study aimed to look into the biological signaling pathways and the predicted therapeutic targets of bufalin for treating RCC as well as providing experimental data and bioinformatics for basic clinical research on RCC treatment, using a scientific strategy based on network pharmacology
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