Therapeutic potential of oleic acid nanovesicles prepared from petroleum ether extract of &lt;i&gt;Sargassum binderi&lt;/i&gt; in streptozotocin–induced diabetic wound in Wistar rats

Sivakumar Sivagurunathan Moni,Mohammad Firoz Alam,Rahimullah Siddiqui,Soliman Fouda,Hafiz A Makeen,Remesh Moochikkal,Aamena Jabeen,Syeda Sanobar

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v17i11.2

Abstract

Purpose: To study the effectiveness of phyto-oleic acid nanovesicles (PONVs) developed from Sargassum binderi (an alga) in healing diabetic wound in a rat model, and to establish the associated changes in cytokine network.Methods: Phyto-extract was obtained from the whole plant of Sargassum binderi by Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether as solvent. The crude extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis and used in the formulation of POVNs. The PONVs were formulated by entrapping petroleum ether extract of Sargassum binderi using the film hydration technique. Wound healing property was determined by measuring both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Tannins and steroids were the major components of the petroleum ether extract of Sargassum binderi. Serum cytokine levels were increased after inducing diabetes and creating the wound. The serum levels of IL-2, TNF-α and IL-1β were 37.3 ± 3.3, 76.3 ± 5.2 and 3307.6 ± 350 pg/ml, respectively. Treatment with PONVs modulated the serum cytokine levels through significant decreases in serum IL-2, TNF-α, IL-1β levels, and significant elevation of serum IL-4.Conclusion: These results indicate that PONVs have promising potentials for application as topical treatment for diabetic wounds.Keywords: Brown algae, Sargassum binderi, Oleic acid nanovesicles, Diabetic wound, Cytokines

Highlights

Wound healing is a series of complex processes characterized by various phases such as inflammation, epithelialization, angiogenesis, matrix deposition, and remodelling [1]
Results from hot continuous percolation method showed that the petroleum ether extract of Sargassum binderi predominantly contained
The present study focused on establishing the effect of phyto-oleic acid nanovesicles (PONVs) on wound healing in diabetic rats by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Wound healing is a series of complex processes characterized by various phases such as inflammation, epithelialization, angiogenesis, matrix deposition, and remodelling [1]. Standards and samples were pipetted into the respective wells and incubated at room temperature for 2.5 h after closing the ELISA plate with a lid. TMB solution was added to all the wells, followed by incubation in the dark with mild shaking at room temperature for 30 min. Thereafter, the plate was rinsed thrice with 1X washing Buffer using Biotek ELISA washer (ELX50, USA), followed by addition of 1X streptavidin-HRP solution to the wells. In the treatment group (group 3), exposure to PONVs successfully reversed these increases by significant decreases in serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, and TNF-α The level of significance was set at p < 0.001

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION