Abstract
A male factor is involved in 50% of infertile relationships. In particular, men with nonobstructive azoospermia cannot have their own biological children. The treatment is microdissection testicular sperm extraction, but the success rate is low, and new approaches for male infertility are needed. Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into different functional cell types, and their discovery has given rise to the field of regenerative medicine. We focus here on the therapeutic potential of stem cells for rejuvenating male fertility. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate directly into male or female gametes, but they are genetically unrelated to the patient. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) undergo self-renewal and differentiation in the adult testis, and maintain normal spermatogenesis. SSCs can acquire pluripotency and differentiate into the three embryonic germ layers. Mammalian somatic cells can be reprogrammed as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by introducing a small set of
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