Theory and practice of using heterosis effect in winter rye

Abstract

Introduction. The article describes the efficiency of creation of new starting material for breeding of cultivars, hybrids and their parental components in connection with the necessity for intensification of rye grain production for the society’s needs and food security of Ukraine.The aim and tasks of the study. The survey proved that the modern trends in winter rye breeding enabled obtaining new starting material for breeding cultivars and hybrids with a set of economically valuable traits.Implementation of winter rye hybrids in production will stabilize the rye grain market in Ukraine and provide science-based norms of rye bread consumption.Material and methods. The source material for creating hybrids of winter rye were varieties and vintage designs. Method of creating hybrids – breeding of the heterosis.Results and Discussion. Winter rye hybrids are plants of a new type, which were created on the basis of sterile and fertile lines with a high combination capacity. The grain yield of hybrids is attributable to the heterosis effect for all its elements and achieved mainly due to productive tillering, redistribution of biological yield capacity and a positive response to farming practices, which can significantly reduce the seeding rate. Hybrids were noticed to have an increased ratio of grain to straw in favor of grain; they responded well to intensive technologies of cultivation. The economical effect from growing hybrids was 25-50% higher than that from growing populations-cultivars.Currently the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine includes 4 domestic rye hybrids and 7 hybrids of foreign breeding.All domestic rye hybrids were created by the Plant Production Institute nd. a V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS.Conclusions. Studies that will encourage further development of heterosis breeding of winter rye include genetic and economic optimization of the selection of lines both in fertile and in sterile cytoplasm; methods for producing hybrid seeds and cultivation technologies of hybrids under regulating environmental factors. Progress on these issues will contribute to practical breeding and creation of winter rye hybrids.