Abstract
Yb3+-Tm3+ co-doped NaGdF4 (NaGdF4:Yb3+/Tm3+) nanoparticles have great application potential in bioimaging, display, and photovoltaics, due to their merits of superior photostability, high resistance to photobleaching, deep light penetration depth, large anti-Stokes shifts, and rich emission bands. To achieve efficient luminescence, it is required to clearly understand the influence of physical parameters of NaGdF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ nanoparticles on luminescence efficiency. However, previous studies mainly focused on empirical studies, rather than a comprehensive analysis in theory. Here, we study a theoretical model based on rate equations and Mie scattering resonance for quantitatively optimizing luminescence efficiency of NaGdF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ nanoparticles. Specifically, we studied the influence of the absorption cross-section, radiative transition rates, non-radiative relaxation rates, energy transfer rates, and nanoparticle morphological geometry on the luminescence efficiency. Our study is expected to provide physical insights for understanding upconversion luminescence mechanisms and improving the luminescence efficiency of upconversion nanoparticles.
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