Abstract
Recent advances in the fields of physical acoustics, imaging technologies, piezoelectric materials, and ultrasonic transducer design have lead to emerging of novel methods and apparatus for ultrasonic diagnostics, therapy, and anesthetics as well as an expansion of traditional application fields. The chapter presents the results of theoretical modeling and experimental study of different High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) transducers. Numerical solutions of parabolic Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) equation were obtained for nonlinear focused fields. Technological peculiarities of the HIFU transducer design as well as theoretical and numerical models of such transducers and the corresponding HIFU fields are discussed. Several HIFU transducers of different design have been fabricated using different advanced piezoelectric materials. Acoustic field measurements for those transducers have been performed using a calibrated fiber optic hydrophone and an ultrasonic measurement system. The results of theoretical modeling and ex vivo experiments with different tissues (fresh porcine mussels, adipose tissue and bovine liver), as well as in vivo experiments with blood vessels are present that prove the efficacy, safety and selectivity of the developed HIFU transducers and methods.
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