Theoretical Foundations of Construction of the Electronic System for Spatial Measuring of Air Signals Aircraft Plane’s with One Fixed Receiver of Incoming Air Flow

Abstract

It is noted that it is necessary to obtain reliable information about air signals that determine the spatial movement of aircraft plane (AP), including small-sized, unmanned and manned, to ensure flight safety in the surface disturbed layer of the atmosphere. It is shown that traditional air data systems of AP implementing aerodynamic and wind cock methods for measuring the parameters of incoming air flow using air pressure receivers installed on the right and left side and distributed over the fuselage, braking temperature receiver and wind cock sensors of aerodynamic angles of incidence and gliding have a complex design, considerable weight and cost, which limits their use on small-sized, unmanned and other aircraft classes. It is noted that the developed air data system with one fixed receiver of incoming air flow, built on the basis of the vortex method for measuring the parameters of incoming air flow, can significantly simplify the design and reduce the mass of system, but provides measurement only in the azimuthal or vertical plane in a limited range of measurement of the aerodynamic angle. The air data system being developed, which implements an ion-mark method for measuring the parameters of incoming air flow, allows for panoramic measurement of the aerodynamic angle, but also only in one plane with increasing complexity of the design and increasing requirements for the identity of the channels of the multichannel measuring circuit, which also limits their use on small-sized aircraft. The known capabilities and advantages of the ultrasonic method for measuring the parameters of gas flows and a panoramic sensor of the aerodynamic angle and true airspeed with a fixed receiver of the incoming air flow have determined the possibility of using the ultrasonic method for spatial measurement of air signals. The functional scheme of the electronic system for spatial measuring air signals of aircraft plane with one (integrated) fixed receiver of incoming air flow and ultrasonic instrumentation channels connected to the input of the computer is revealed. To expand the functionality, a static pressure receiver-hole is installed on the external streamlined surface of the system’s receiving board, connected by a pneumatic channel to the input of an absolute pressure sensor with a frequency output, which is also connected to the input of a computer, at the output of which digital output signals of the air data system of aircraft plane are generated. Analytical models of informative signals and algorithms for spatial determination of air signals in instrumentation channels of the electronic system with one fixed receiver of incoming air flow are obtained. The essential advantages of the considered electronic system are revealed, which increase the competitiveness and efficiency of the system application on small-sized and other classes of aircraft planes to improve flight safety and the efficiency of solving flight tasks.