THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND URBAN PLANNING PRACTICE IN KYIV AT THE BORDER OF THE 19-20th CENTURIES

Abstract

The article examines the first attempts to theoretically understand the problems of Kyiv's development due to the creation of new suburban settlements within the framework of a new subject area, urban planning, at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. As a response to the growing challenges of the big city and industrialization, land engineers and city authorities initiated specialized suburban projects to improve urban planning as a whole. Along with this, new urban planning theories were developed and targeted financial programs for the purchase of land by the City Duma were used as an effective urban planning tool. The liquidation of the administrative project "City of Alexandria" and the inclusion of this suburban settlement within the boundaries of Kyiv should be attributed to the successful organizational urban planning actions of the Kyiv Duma. 
 Also, this short survey shows the creative interpretation of the concept of "garden city" by E. Howard in domestic research and projects of the beginning of the 20th century. Such pioneering attempts include: the idea of combining the advantages of the city and the village at the same time in the new layout of M.G. Dykanski; the "garden city" project by G.D. Dubelir on Kyiv's Solomyanka; project of the village-garden of Vyshhorod-Mezhihirya by M.P. Zuyev; development of urban functional zoning and "free plan" in the studios of H.P. Kovalevski. 
 Valid examples of the use of the "garden city" idea by domestic planners, from the author's point of view, seem very relevant at the moment in the situation of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine and the rethinking of the resettlement system in the country on the principles of people-centeredness, in contrast to the Soviet industrial principle of urban sprawl and post-Soviet neglect of any what rules.