Abstract
Land is an indispensable natural resource made up of soil and groundwater, both of which have many functions for which we depend on, support of agricultural activities, engineering structures, portable water for domestic and industrial use as well as sustenance of flora and fauna in order to maintain favorable ecosystem. Contaminants in land pose a number of threats to public health and the environment; other natural resources; and have detrimental effects on property such as buildings, crops and live stocks. The most effective method of dealing with these contaminants is to cleaning up and returning the sites to beneficial use. The cleanup process involves making a choice from amongst competing remediation methods, where the wrong choice may have disastrous social, economic and environmental impact. This work presents the development of a Decision Support System via thorough literature survey. The Developed DSS was applied to petroleum contaminated site in Ogoniland South-East Nigeria. Finally, Air sparging, phyto-remediation and soil vapour extraction methods were systematically recommended.
Highlights
Land is a limited resource that is increasingly getting polluted as a result of land contamination
Contaminants in land pose a number of threats to public health and ecosystem and have detrimental effects on lives and properties [1,2]
According to the European Environmental Agency (EEA) approximately 14.1 percent of identified contaminated lands in its countries are cause by the oil industry, with heavy metals, mineral oils and hydrocarbon contaminants constituting approximately 90% percent of the total contaminants found on sites [3]
Summary
Land is a limited resource that is increasingly getting polluted as a result of land contamination. The result of soil logs from Nsioken Agbi Ogale, Eleme is shown in Figure 2; Considering that the oil spills took place between 1986 and 1990, natural attenuation, or biodegradation of contaminants has not proven effective in reducing contaminant concentrations to safe levels in the affected area [5,24-33]. Another reason why natural attenuation has failed is the presence of silty clay or pure clay soil in some areas. Air sparging should be applied for six months before the application of SVE for one year [56-59]
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