Abstract
Steel-concrete composites are important armor protective materials with the increasing power of precision-guided weapons. In this study, the formula of residual velocity as well as the ratio between residual and initial kinetic energy (Er/E0) for concrete targets with a rear steel liner was derived. By establishing finite element models of steel liner concrete targets through ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the effect of the steel liner layout on the perforation resistance was analyzed for both monolithic and segmented concrete targets, which were compared in terms of projectile kinematics characteristics, projectile energy consumption, and target damages. Four main conclusions were drawn: (1) a residual velocity prediction model of concrete targets with a rear steel liner was accurately proposed for the first time when velocity reduction coefficient η was 0.15 and the derived Er/E0 could be used to evaluate their corresponding perforation resistance; (2) moving back the steel liners enhanced the perforation resistance of both monolithic and segmented targets, but the performance of the latter was inferior to that of the former, which was reduced by 10%–16% under the same conditions; (3) during middle- and low-speed perforations, the projectile impact force was more influenced by the contact stiffness than the impact velocity; and (4) regarding the segmented targets, the perforation resistance of the 2nd target was better than the 1st target, which consumed about 10%–20% more projectile kinetic energy.
Highlights
In terms of military strikes and defense engineering, structure of walls should be thick in order to reduce the local damage effect [1,2,3,4,5,6] caused by projectile impacts, especially for structures requiring high-defense protection such as important fortifications and secret weapon storage sites; the employ space of such structures should be increased as well
A solution to this problem is using composite concrete walls [7,8,9] with a steel liner. ey have a higher resistance and a better ductility and integrity compared to reinforced concrete (RC) structures when attacked by weapons
Abdel-Kader and Fouda [11, 12] summarized and compared many empirical formulas of the ballistic limit velocity for perforating concrete and steel plates. ey carried out 27 penetration tests with rigid projectiles perforating thin steel plates and concrete, which put forward the equivalent thickness conversion formula between steel plates and concrete
Summary
In terms of military strikes and defense engineering, structure of walls should be thick in order to reduce the local damage effect [1,2,3,4,5,6] caused by projectile impacts, especially for structures requiring high-defense protection such as important fortifications and secret weapon storage sites; the employ space of such structures should be increased as well. Ree aspects are mainly investigated:(1) the equivalent relationship between steel liners and concrete; (2) the analysis of residual and ballistic limit velocity (the minimum impact velocity of projectiles perforating targets) for penetrating these concrete structures; and (3) the influence of the steel liner layout on the perforation resistance of composite targets. En, by establishing finite element method (FEM) models of concrete targets with a steel liner through ANSYS/LSDYNA, partial penetration tests of Abdel-kader and Fouda [29] were simulated to analyze how the steel liner layout affected the perforation resistance of composite targets. These models were improved for segmented concrete targets with a steel liner, which were analyzed . The perforation resistance of these two types of concrete targets was compared in terms of projectile kinematics characteristics, projectile energy consumption, and target damages
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