Abstract
Based on the theory of classical solidification nucleation, a thermodynamic model of bubbles nucleating on surfaces of convex spherical inclusions in molten steel was established. The expression of bubble critical-nucleation radius was derived. The differences between bubbles nucleating on convex spherical surface and flat substrate were discussed. The results show that the radii of spherical inclusions determine the degree of deviation on the two types of nucleation under same conditions and bubbles are more easily generated by flat substrate nucleation. In addition, the degree of deviation between the two types of nucleation decreases with the decrease of melt depth. The results also show that bubbles are easier to nucleate on the surface of inclusions with large radius or poor wettability. For a determined bubble critical-nucleation radius, the radii of spherical inclusions, the contact angles of spherical inclusions and the pressure of vacuum treatment have little influence on the depth range of bubble nucleation, while the pretreatment pressure shows significant impact on that. The probability of bubble nucleation reduced with the increase of melt depth, which was verified by related experiments.
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