The yield of conditioned winter wheat seeds depending on the cultivation technology

Abstract

Purpose. To study of the impact of winter wheat seed cultivation technologies on the yield of conditioned seeds. Methods. Laboratory, mathematical, and statistical. Results. It was established that the 1000 kernel weight varied as affected by the varietal characteristics and the seed cultivation technology. Under the basic cultivation technology, the 1000 kernel weight of all varieties was significantly lower compared to other technologies. Along with the 1000 kernel weight, the fractional composition of seeds, which also affects the yield of conditioned seeds, is of great importance for the cultivation of seed material. The fractional composition of the seeds was affected both by a maturity group of the varieties and a cultivation technology. On average, over the years of research, the content of seeds of the large fraction (2.5–2.8 mm) of the varieties of the medium-early ripeness group was greater for all cultivation technologies due to a decrease in the number of small seeds (2.0–2.2 mm) and seeds of the medium fraction (2.2–2.5 mm) compared to medium-ripe varieties. The fractional composition of the seeds changed under the effect of the cultivation technology. The largest percentage of the large seed fraction (73.6–75.6%) and the smallest (4.4–5.6%) of the small fraction was obtained under an energy-rich technology with elements of biologization of the cultivation. The yield of conditioned seeds depended on varietal characteristics and the technology of its cultivation. On average, in the varieties of the medium-early ripening group, for the basic technology, it was 78%, for the energy-consuming technology it was higher by 8%, and for the energy-consuming technology with elements of biologization it was the highest and increased by 12%. Conclusions. The 1000 kernel weight and the fractional composition of seeds is affected both by the varietal characteristics and the cultivation technology. These indicators were significantly higher under energy-consuming technology with the elements of biologization of cultivation, where a balanced complex of biologically active substances was applied for plant nutrition and protection.